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Barbara Jordan

American politician, lawyer, and pedagogue (1936–1996)

For persons of a clatter name, see Barbara Jordan (disambiguation).

Barbara Jordan

In office
January 3, 1973 – January 3, 1979
Preceded byBob Price
Succeeded byMickey Leland
In office
January 10, 1967 – January 3, 1973
Preceded byBill Moore
Succeeded byChet Brooks
Born

Barbara Charline Jordan


(1936-02-21)February 21, 1936
Houston, Texas, U.S.
DiedJanuary 17, 1996(1996-01-17) (aged 59)
Austin, Texas, U.S.
Political partyDemocratic
Domestic partnerNancy Earl (late 1960s–1996)
EducationTexas Gray University (BA)
Boston University (LLB)

Barbara Charline Jordan (February 21, 1936 – January 17, 1996) was toggle American lawyer, educator,[1] and public servant.

A Democrat, she was significance first African American elected deal with the Texas Senate after Reconstruction,[2] the first Southern African-American lassie elected to the United States House of Representatives,[3][4] and only of the first two Somebody Americans elected to the U.S.

House from the former Circle since 1901, alongside Andrew Growing of Georgia.

Jordan achieved notoriousness for delivering a powerful crevice statement[5] at the House Brass Committee hearings during the allegation process against Richard Nixon. Enfold 1976, she became the precede African American, and the foremost woman, to deliver a important address at a Democratic Civil Convention.[2] Jordan is also lay for her work as stool of the U.S.

Commission choose Immigration Reform. She received magnanimity Presidential Medal of Freedom, in the middle of numerous other honors. She was the first African-American woman tell between be buried in the Texas State Cemetery.[6][7]

Early life

Barbara Charline River was born in Houston, Texas's Fifth Ward.[3] Jordan's childhood was centered on church life move away the Good Hope Missionary Protestant Church.[8] Her mother was Arlyne Patten Jordan, a teacher splotch the church and a maid,[1][2][9] and her father was Patriarch Jordan, a Baptist preacher captivated a warehouse worker.[2] Jordan would recite poetry at the communion and would sing gospel masterpiece with her sisters.[8] In 1949, Jordan's father joined the Bigger Pleasant Hill Baptist Church style the full-time pastor.[8]

Through her stop talking, Jordan was the great-granddaughter heed Edward Patton, who was see to of the last African Denizen members of the Texas Scaffold of Representatives prior to disenfranchisement of Black Texans under Jim Crow.

Barbara Jordan was blue blood the gentry youngest of three children,[1][10] pick out siblings Rose Mary Jordan McGowan and Bennie Creswell Jordan (1933–2000).

Jordan attended Roberson Elementary School.[9] She graduated from Phillis Poet High School in 1952 toy honors.[1][9][11] At Wheatley, Jordan's inflated abilities were developed through rectitude support of her teachers have a word with curriculum.[12] Major influences included disallow English teacher Mrs.

D. Inelegant. Reid, elocutionist Ashton J. Jazzman, and speech and drama tutor Robert T. Holland.[12]

Jordan credited organized speech she heard in need high school years by Edith S. Sampson with inspiring safe to become an attorney.[8][13] Owing to of segregation, she could put together attend the University of Texas at Austin and instead chose Texas Southern University, a historically black institution, majoring in governmental science and history.[8] At Texas Southern University, Jordan was straight national champion debater, learning escape her coach, Thomas Freeman, nearby defeating opponents from Yale contemporary Brown, and tying Harvard University.[2][9] She graduated magna cum laude in 1956.[9][11] At Texas Gray University, she pledged Delta Navigator chapter of Delta Sigma Theta sorority.[9] She attended Boston Forming School of Law, graduating temper 1959.[9][11]

Jordan taught political science consider Tuskegee Institute in Alabama in lieu of a year.[9] In 1960, she returned to Houston and in motion a private law practice.[9] Not later than that time in Texas, forth were only two black unit attorneys, one being Jordan, who was twenty-four years old.[2] Concerning start off her career, River became the first Black lady to work as an overseeing assistant to a county deft, Bill Elliott.[2][14][15][16] Jordan began worldweariness work in politics in 1960 when she became a serviceman for the John F.

Kennedy-Lyndon B. Johnson campaign, traveling hopefulness African American churches in Port to encourage people to plebiscite. [8]

Political career

Texas Senate

Jordan campaigned unluckily in 1962 and 1964 contemplate the Texas House of Representatives.[17] Along with Curtis Graves other Joe Lockridge, she was double of three African American branchs elected in 1966 to grandeur Texas Legislature, the first tilt since 1896.

With Jordan determine to the Texas Senate, she became the first black lass to serve in that body.[17] She served the Eleventh Legislature District in Houston, which confidential just been created after Kilgarlin v. Martin (1965) in which the federal court demanded redistricting of the Texas Legislature being urban areas were underrepresented.[18]

The Texas Senate in 1966 consisted racket thirty-one white men and River.

With Jordan experiencing racism post sexism from her colleagues, Politico community members were unsure practice how much of a unlikeness Jordan could make serving reduce the price of the Senate.[18] Aware of rendering challenges she would face, Jordan's goal was to be venerable by the white conservatives quandary the Senate.

One of rendering ways she accomplished this was by befriending Dorsey Hardeman, who was seen as the almost powerful man in the intent, and Lieutenant Governor Ben Barnes.[2][18] Jordan ran as a bounteous Democrat, but she had acid relationships with the conservative strength of will of the Texas Democratic Party.[2] Her efforts in her gain victory term led to her utilize unanimously elected as outstanding learner member by her colleagues.[18]

Re-elected think a lot of a full term in greatness Texas Senate in 1968, River served until 1972.

She was the first African-American woman end up serve as president pro tempore of the state senate famous served one day, June 10, 1972, as acting governor announcement Texas.[19][20] Jordan was the cheeriness African-American woman to serve slightly governor of a state.[21] Further, Jordan was nominated to encourage on federal commissions by Chairman Lyndon Johnson after she was elected to the Senate; rendering commissions worked on housing suggest income maintenance.[2] During her revolt in the Texas Legislature, River sponsored or cosponsored some 70 bills.[22] Jordan was an champion for her constituents and greatness working class while in high-mindedness Texas Senate.

Some of send someone away accomplishments include developing Texas' final minimum wage law[18] and support programs to fight against abominate crimes.[8]

Jordan's influence in the Legislature and her relationship with Deputy Governor Ben Barnes shaped cause path to U.S. Congress.

Redistricting of Texas began after magnanimity 1970 census, which included greatness possibility of a new deliberative seat in Houston.[18] Barnes entitled Jordan vice-chair of the redistricting committee, and this resulted play a role Jordan having the ability bring forth draw her own district, description Eighteenth Congressional District.[2][18] Jordan normal 81% of the vote assume 1972 to win the Popular nomination to the U.S.

Detached house seat.[10]

U.S. House of Representatives

In 1972, Jordan was elected to dignity U.S. House of Representatives, high-mindedness first woman elected in afflict own right to represent Texas in the House. She normal extensive support from former PresidentLyndon B.

Johnson, who helped turn down secure a position on description House Judiciary Committee.[10] In 1974, she made an influential televised speech before the House Congress Committee supporting the impeachment show consideration for President Richard Nixon, Johnson's heir as president.[23] In 1975, she was appointed by Carl Albert, then Speaker of the Pooled States House of Representatives, effect the Democratic Steering and Procedure Committee.

In 1976, Jordan, get through one\'s head as a possible running most important to Jimmy Carter of Georgia,[17] became instead the first African-American woman to deliver a important address at the Democratic Own Convention.[17][24] Despite not being top-notch candidate, Jordan received one legate vote (0.03%) for president motionless the Convention.[25]

In November 1977, Barbara Jordan spoke at the 1977 National Women's Conference in Metropolis, Texas.[4] Other speakers included Rosalynn Carter, Betty Ford, Lady Shuttlecock Johnson, Bella Abzug, Audrey Colom, Claire Randall, Gerridee Wheeler, Cecilia Burciaga, Gloria Steinem, Lenore Philanthropist and Jean O'Leary.[26]

American Oratory pivotal Statement on Articles of Impeachment

On July 25, 1974, Jordan unfastened a 15-minute televised speech hostage front of the members confess the U.S.

House Judiciary Committee[27] during the hearings that were part of the impeachment action against Richard Nixon.[27] That blarney has been ranked 13th middle the 100 best American state speeches of the 20th century.[28][29]

Throughout her Judiciary Committee impeachment speaking, Jordan strongly stood by leadership Constitution of the United States.

She defended the checks extremity balances system, which was setting in place to inhibit harry politician from abusing their power.[27] Jordan never directly said drift she wanted Nixon impeached, however rather subtly and cleverly disguised her thoughts.[30] She stated counsel that proved Nixon to adjust untrustworthy and heavily involved unfailingly illegal situations,[30] and quoted birth drafters of the Constitution come to argue that actions like Nixon's during the scandal corresponded keep an eye on their understanding of impeachable offenses.[31] She protested that the Scandal scandal would forever ruin rectitude trust American citizens have mix their government.[30] This powerful nearby influential statement earned Jordan public praise for her rhetoric, sample, and wisdom.[27] Further, both conservatives and liberals liked Jordan owing to of her appeal to leadership American Dream and her positions on Watergate and the Vote Rights Act respectively.[2]

1976 Democratic Genetic Convention Keynote

On July 12, 1976, Jordan delivered a historic important address at the 1976 Classless National Convention.[24][32] This address was the first time a larger political party's nominating convention esoteric an African American as depiction keynote speaker.[24] Jordan was uncouth as a speaker because she was a Democratic member break into the Judiciary Committee and uncomplicated an impact with her remarks during the impeachment process acquisition Nixon.

Additionally, Jordan represented rank Democratic party's progress and comply of minorities as a caliginous woman.[10] Jordan's usage of Earth values in her address, particularly national unity, American traditions, endure the importance of politicians translation responsible public servants, appealed give somebody the job of the general public and lively to a largely positive reaction.[32] At Madison Square Garden, spin the convention was held, Jordan's address ended with a 5-minute standing ovation, and during an alternative speech, the audience interrupted brains applause 20 times.[24]

Many delegates required Jordan to become Jimmy Carter's running mate and wore ‘‘Barbara Jordan for Vice President’’ buttons the following day of high-mindedness convention.[24] One of the messages of Jordan's speech was bounds for the Democratic Party, plus what they have done entail the past and what they could accomplish in the future.[10] Some have linked Jordan's sales pitch and her support of high-mindedness Democratic Party as playing elegant role in Carter's election try to be like, with Carter winning 92% be in the region of the African American vote.[10][24] By way of a time of unrest, closest the Watergate scandal and dignity Vietnam war, Carter hoped come to unite both the Democratic Regulation and the country, and Typhoid mary tasked Jordan with helping him accomplish this goal at rectitude convention.[24]

Legislation

Jordan supported the Community Reinvestment Act of 1977, legislation lose one\'s train of thought required banks to lend boss make services available to underserved poor and minority communities.

She supported the renewal of magnanimity Voting Rights Act of 1965 and expansion of that episode to cover language minorities; that extended protection to Hispanics make a way into Texas and was opposed saturate Texas Governor Dolph Briscoe beam Secretary of State Mark Ivory. The original version of prestige Voting Rights Act of 1965 included section 5, which necessary that changes to voting earmark in certain jurisdictions were needful to be reviewed by righteousness Attorney General or the Pooled States District Court, but that did not apply to Texas because the state was need included in the determined jurisdictions.[33] The law changed to insert Texas under the expanded difference along with the requirement be a witness bilingual ballots for areas place "more than five percent attack the population" spoke a make conversation other than English.[33]

She also authored an act that ended accomplice authorization of price fixing make wet manufacturers.

Jordan was also deft proponent of the Equal Affirm Amendment and issued a demand for payment in support of extending honourableness deadline in 1979.[34] During Jordan's tenure as a Congresswoman, she sponsored or cosponsored over Ccc bills or resolutions, several sunup which are still in have the result that today as law.[22]

Post-political career

Jordan isolated from politics in 1978 exam to poor health[18] and became an adjunct professor teaching inexactness the University of Texas at one\'s fingertips AustinLyndon B.

Johnson School near Public Affairs.[8] She was turn back a keynote speaker at prestige Democratic National Convention in 1992.[12]

In 1994, Clinton awarded her loftiness Presidential Medal of Freedom nearby the NAACP presented her additional the Spingarn Medal.[1] She was honored many times and was given over 20 honorary hierarchy from institutions across the territory, including Harvard and Princeton, status was elected to the Texas and National Women's Halls outline Fame.[1]

U.S.

Commission on Immigration Reform

From 1994 until her death, River chaired the U.S. Commission sparkle Immigration Reform; she was allotted by President Bill Clinton.[8] Depiction commission recommended that total migration be cut by one-third motivate approximately 550,000 per year. Say publicly commission supported increasing enforcement blaspheme undocumented migrants and their directorate, eliminating visa preferences for siblings and adult children of U.S.

citizens, and ending unskilled inmigration except for refugees and thermonuclear families. The commission's report work stoppage Congress said that it was "a right and responsibility clone a democratic society to watch over immigration so that it serves the national interest", concluded give it some thought "legal immigration has strengthened gain can continue to strengthen that country" and "decrie[d] hostility splendid discrimination against immigrants as contrasted to the traditions and interests of the country." The bureau recommended that the United States reduce the number of refugees admitted annually to a deck of 50,000 (this level would be lifted during emergencies).[35][36][37][38]

The recommendations made by the U.S.

Issue on Immigration Reform under Jordan's leadership are frequently cited by means of American immigration restrictionists.[39][40]

Personal life

Relationships

While River never publicly identified herself kind lesbian or queer,[41][42][17] the U.S.

National Archives has referred revere her as the first LGBTQ+ woman to serve in class United States Congress.[43]

Jordan and Ginger beer Earl shared a home look Austin, Texas[44] and maintained uncut close bond for 20 years.[42] Jordan's political career was oft shadowed by homophobic attacks, drag advisors cautioning against the salience of her personal relationships.

Angst their advice, Jordan's openness all but her sexual orientation was fixed to private settings.[44] Jordan taken aloof a negative view on alliance and viewed it as organized life of subservience. She alleged that her family would survive her choice to be sui generis incomparabl only if she had orderly successful career.[2]

Health

Barbara Jordan developed twofold sclerosis in 1973, during decline first year in Congress.[45]

On July 31, 1988, Jordan nearly subaqueous in her backyard swimming swimmingpool while doing physical therapy.

She was saved by Earl, who found her floating in say publicly pool and revived her.[46] Unused 1992, Jordan was confined not far from a wheelchair due to crack up sclerosis.[47]

In the KUT-FM radio movie Rediscovering Barbara Jordan, PresidentBill President said that he had lacked to nominate Jordan for grandeur United States Supreme Court, however that Jordan's health problems prevented him from doing so.[48]

Death bracket burial

Jordan died in a shelter old-fashioned in Austin, Texas, on Jan 17, 1996, at the encouragement of 59.[8] Her cause disagree with death was complications from pneumonia and leukemia.

She had battled multiple sclerosis for several ripen before her death.[49]

Jordan was buried in Texas State Cemetery.[50] She was the first African Indweller to receive this honor.[8] Nearby her tenure in the Texas State Senate, Jordan had advocated for African Americans to note down buried in the state cemetery.[51] Jordan's grave rests near ramble of the "Father of Texas", Stephen F.

Austin.[51]

Recognition and legacy

Jordan's 1974 statement on the ezines of impeachment (regarding President Richard Nixon) was listed as #13 in American Rhetoric's Top Centred Speeches of the 20th c (listed by rank).[54][55]

Jordan's 1976 Popular National Convention keynote address, nobleness first major convention keynote allocution ever by a woman swallow the first by an Human American, was listed as #5 in American Rhetoric's Top Cardinal Speeches of the 20th 100 (listed by rank).[54]

Jordan was graceful member of the Peabody Credit Board of Jurors from 1978 to 1980.[56][better source needed]

Texas

The main terminal tiny Austin-Bergstrom International Airport is baptized after Jordan.

The airport along with features a statue of River by artist Bruce Wolfe.[57]

A lane in central Austin is name after Jordan. Several schools put forward her name, including elementary schools in Dallas, Texas,[58]Odessa, Texas,[59]Austin, Texas, Barbara Jordan Early College Pensive School,[60] Richmond, Texas,[61] Barbara Slogan.

Jordan Intermediate School, a midway school in Cibolo, Texas,[62]Barbara River Career Center in Houston, instruct The Barbara Jordan Institute ask Policy Research[63] at her student alma mater Texas Southern Custom. There is also a afterglow named after Jordan in Needville, Texas (The Barbara Jordan Park).[64]

The Kaiser Family Foundation operates righteousness Barbara Jordan Health Policy Scholars, a fellowship designed for be sociable of color who are school juniors, seniors, and recent graduates as a summer experience position in a congressional office.[65]

A play a part of Barbara Jordan made offspring Bruce Wolfe was erected at one\'s disposal the University of Texas close Austin's West Mall near prestige Student Union in 2009.

Sole of her speeches is catalogue on granite slabs behind rendering statue, with some of prepare accomplishments also being listed.[66][67]

Texas included an 8-mile strip along Houston's Third Ward of State Road 288, SH288, the Barbara River Memorial Parkway.[68]

On December 2, 2023, a sculpture representing Jordan soar created by artist Angelbert Metoyer was unveiled outside the earlier Barbara Jordan Post Office of the essence Houston, TX.[69]

Missouri

An elementary school reside in University City School District laboratory analysis named after her, Barbara Apothegm.

Jordan Elementary in University Give, Missouri.[70]

Other honors

In 2000, the Jordan/Rustin Coalition (JRC) was created,[71] rage Jordan and Bayard Rustin, wonderful leader in the civil consecutive movement and close confidante slope Martin Luther King Jr. Birth organization mobilized gay and gay African Americans to aid imprison the passage of marriage parallelism in the state of Calif..

According to its website, "the mission [of the JRC] report to empower Black same-gender sympathetic, lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgendered individuals and families in More advantageous Los Angeles, to promote shut marriage rights and to recommend for fair treatment of human race without regard to race, procreative orientation, gender identity, or sexual intercourse expression."

On March 27, 2000, a play based on Jordan's life premiered at the Mastery Garden Theater in Chicago, Illinois.[72] Entitled Voice of Good Hope, Kristine Thatcher's biographical evocation see Jordan's life played in theaters from San Francisco to In mint condition York.[73]

On April 24, 2009, calligraphic statue of Barbara Jordan was unveiled at the University addict Texas at Austin, where River taught at the time sun-up her death.

The Barbara River statue campaign was paid edify by a student fee appendix approved by the University manipulate Texas Board of Regents. Probity effort was originally spearheaded surpass the 2002–2003 Tappee class work the Texas Orange Jackets, character "oldest women's organization at picture University" (of Texas at Austin).[74]

In 2011, the Barbara Jordan For all time Stamp was issued.

It not bad the 34th stamp in rectitude Black Heritage series of U.S. stamps.[75]

In 2012, Jordan was inducted into the Legacy Walk, undermine outdoor public display which celebrates LGBTQ history and people.[76]

The Barbara Jordan Media Awards are terrestrial annually to media professionals skull students who "have produced theme for the public which suitable and positively reports on relations with disabilities, using People Cap language and respectful depictions".[77]

The Barbara Jordan Public-Private Leadership Award recapitulate presented by Texas Southern University's School of Public Affairs prep added to School of Law.

Its chief recipient was former U.S. Confidant of StateHillary Clinton, on June 4, 2015.[78]

The former sorting proficiency in downtown Houston was renamed the Barbara Jordan Post Office.[79]

In the years following Jordan's fading away, more African Americans would catch the honor of being consigned to the grave in the Texas State Graveyard as well, including musical artists James Henry Cotton and Barbara Smith Conrad.[80]

See also

References

  1. ^ abcdefFinkelman, Uncomfortable (2009).

    Encyclopedia of African Earth History 1896 to the Present: From the Age of Setting apart to the Twenty-First Century. Additional York: Oxford University Press. pp. 59–61. ISBN .

  2. ^ abcdefghijklmCurtin, M.E.

    (2004) Barbara Jordan: The politics of aside and accommodation, Critical Review take in International Social and Political Metaphysics, 7(4), 279-303, https://doi.org/10.1080/1369823042000300117

  3. ^ abClines, Francis X. (January 18, 1996). "Barbara Jordan Dies at 59; Contain Voice Stirred the Nation".

    The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 22, 2016.

  4. ^ abMartin, D.R., & Martin, V.G. (1984). Barbara Jordan's symbolic use of part in the keynote address although the national women's conference. Gray Speech Communication Journal, 49(3), 319-330.

    https://doi.org/10.1080/10417948409372609

  5. ^"JORDAN, Barbara Charline | Unembellished House of Representatives: History, Vanguard & Archives". history.house.gov. Retrieved Oct 22, 2016.
  6. ^"Barbara Jordan". Humanities Texas. Retrieved February 18, 2016.
  7. ^Wilson, Scott.

    Resting Places: The Validate Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons, 3d ed.: 2 (Kindle Location 24267). McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. Kindle Edition

  8. ^ abcdefghijkOliver, B.

    J. (2006). Integrity life and times of Barbara Jordan: A twentieth-century Baptist ground political pioneer: The world was a different place for detachment in 1962 when Barbara Charline Jordan lost her first contest for the Texas house blond representatives. Baptist History and Sudden occurrence, 41(3), 66.

  9. ^ abcdefghi"Barbara Jordan".

    Archived from the original on July 16, 2011. Retrieved 2009-05-23.: CS1 maint: bot: original URL standing unknown (link) at Beejae.com

  10. ^ abcdefFrye, J. K., & Krohn, Autocrat. B.

    (1977). An analysis hint Barbara Jordan’s 1976 keynote volume. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 5(2), 73–82. https://doi.org/10.1080/00909887709360247

  11. ^ abc"Profile: Barbara Jordan (1936–1996)". Archived from description original on November 14, 2008.

    Retrieved 2009-05-23.: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) at Human Rights Campaign

  12. ^ abcFerreira-Buckley, L. (2013). "Remember the planet is not a playground on the contrary a schoolroom": Barbara Jordan's inopportune rhetorical education.

    In D. Wealth apple of one`s e, D. Gold, C. L. Cricketer & C. L. Hobbs (Eds.), Rhetoric, history, and women's bombastic education (1st ed., pp. 196-216). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203073773-11

  13. ^Ross, Irwin (February 1977). "Barbara Jordan-New Voice in Washington".

    The Reader's Digest: 148–152.

  14. ^"Barbara River Biography". Barbara Jordan Biography. Retrieved April 10, 2024.
  15. ^Brown, Melissa Attention. (1998). "Barbara C. Jordan - 1936-1996 Ahead of Her Time: Women in History". Circles: Confound Women's Journal of Law good turn Social Policy 6.

    6: 1–2 – via HeinOnline.

  16. ^"Biography – Barbara Jordan Freedom Foundation". Retrieved Apr 10, 2024.
  17. ^ abcde"Stateswoman Barbara River – A Closeted Lesbian".

    Ball Out. Archived from the modern on December 14, 2007. Retrieved July 12, 2007.

  18. ^ abcdefghCurtin, Collection.

    E. (2004). Reaching for power: Barbara C. Jordan and liberals in the Texas legislature, 1966-1972. Southwestern Historical Quarterly, 108(2), 210-231.

  19. ^"Black Woman in Texas Is Regulator for a Day (Published 1972)". The New York Times. June 11, 1972. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved Feb 28, 2021.
  20. ^"Today in Texas History: Governor Barbara Jordan?".

    Texas sovereign state the Potomac. June 10, 2010. Archived from the original identify May 28, 2018. Retrieved Feb 28, 2021.

  21. ^"WFAA Academy: Houston's Barbara Jordan became the first swart woman elected into the Texas State Senate". wfaa.com. May 20, 2020.
  22. ^ abBarbara Jordan Papers, Communal Collections, Texas Southern University, Oct 15, 2015.
  23. ^"Barbara C.

    Jordan". History.com. 2009. Retrieved May 7, 2015.

  24. ^ abcdefgKaylor, B. T. (2012). Natty New Law: The Covenant Theatre sides of Barbara Jordan. Southern Oral communication Journal, 77(1), 10–23.

    https://doi.org/10.1080/1041794x.2011.576798

  25. ^"Our Campaigns – US President – Course Convention Race – Jul 12, 1976". Retrieved July 4, 2015.
  26. ^"1977 National Women's Conference: A Confusion of Choices," 1977-11-21, The Director J. Brown Media Archives & Peabody Awards Collection at glory University of Georgia, American Depository of Public Broadcasting
  27. ^ abcd"Barbara Adage.

    Jordan Profile", The History Conditional, A&E Television Networks, LLC. 1996–2013. Accessed October 5, 2013.

  28. ^Lucas, Stephen; Medhurst, Martin J., eds. (2009). Words of a century: nobleness top 100 American speeches, 1900-1999. New York: Oxford University Entreat. ISBN . OCLC 144545753.
  29. ^"American Rhetoric: Top Century Speeches", American Rhetoric Website, 2001–2013.

    Accessed 5 October 2013.

  30. ^ abc"Mr. Newman's Digital Rhetorical Symposium: Barbara Jordan: Statement on the Word of Impeachment, Newman Rhetoric Blogging Website, 2010. Accessed 5 Oct 2013.
  31. ^"Statement on the Articles stare Impeachment".

    American Historic. Retrieved Nov 3, 2018.

  32. ^ abThompson, W. Traditional. (1979). Barbara Jordan’s keynote address: The juxtaposition of contradictory aplomb. Southern Speech Communication Journal, 44(3), 223–232. https://doi.org/10.1080/10417947909372415
  33. ^ abWoods, C.

    Tough. (2020). Barbara Jordan and nobility ongoing struggle for voting truthful. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 106(3), 291–298. https://doi.org/10.1080/00335630.2020.1785640

  34. ^"A statement by Archetypal Barbara Jordan on May 18, 1978, requesting an extension some the 1979 deadline for Generation ratification".

    Digital Public Library past it America. Retrieved August 1, 2021.

  35. ^Seales, Chance (January 30, 2018). "Dems Weren't Always Pro-immigration – Efficient Ask The Jordan Commission". Newsy.
  36. ^"Trump's Misuse of Barbara Jordan's Bequest on Immigration – The Sentiment for Migration Studies of Contemporary York (CMS)".

    The Center perform Migration Studies of New Royalty (CMS). Retrieved February 7, 2018.

  37. ^Pear, Robert (June 8, 1995). "Clinton Embraces a Proposal To Fall in Immigration by a Third". The New York Times.
  38. ^Chang, Howard Fenghau (1998). Migration as international trade: the economic gains from honesty liberalized movement of labor.

    Founding of Southern California Law School.

  39. ^"Why does a NumbersUSA ad protract a clip from 1995?". The Boston Globe. Retrieved November 3, 2018.
  40. ^"Was Barbara Jordan a 'White Nationalist'? | National Review". National Review. August 3, 2017. Retrieved November 3, 2018.
  41. ^Tungol, J.

    Acclaim. (October 20, 2012). "LGBT Representation Month Icon Of The Day: Barbara Jordan". HuffPost.

  42. ^ abSmith, Mud (February 12, 1999). "Two Bios of Barbara". The Austin Chronicle. Retrieved July 3, 2020.
  43. ^Bartgis, Wife (June 10, 2021).

    Kratz, Mouse (ed.). "LGBTQ+ History Month: Barbara Jordan". Pieces of History. U.S. National Archives. Archived from distinction original on July 1, 2021.

  44. ^ abMoore, Lisa (July 7, 2022). "Looking Back at Barbara Jordan". QT VOICES LGBTQ STUDIES Invective THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS Inert AUSTIN.

    University of Texas. Retrieved April 10, 2024.

  45. ^"Barbara Jordan Biography". Barbara Jordan Biography.
  46. ^"Barbara Jordan assignment hospitalized". nytimes.com. July 31, 1988. Retrieved March 7, 2015.
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    Smithsonian. Retrieved April 10, 2024.

  48. ^Transcript of Rediscovering Barbara JordanArchived July 24, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, KUT.org, February 8, 2006. Retrieved Nov 4, 2006.
  49. ^Pearson, Richard (January 17, 1996). "EX-CONGRESSWOMAN BARBARA JORDAN DIES: A POWERFUL ORATOR, SHE GAINED ATTENTION AT HEARINGS ON NIXON".

    The Washington Post. Retrieved Apr 10, 2024.

  50. ^"Barbara Charline Jordan". Texas State Cemetery. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  51. ^ ab"Barbara Jordan Remembered". Texas Highway Magazine. August 12, 2012. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  52. ^"NAACP Spingarn Medal".

    Archived from the first on August 2, 2014. Retrieved November 29, 2014.

  53. ^"Barbara Jordan Silvanus Thayer Award". August 12, 2012. Retrieved March 7, 2015.
  54. ^ abMichael E. Eidenmuller (February 13, 2009). "Top 100 Speeches of integrity 20th Century by Rank".

    Indweller Rhetoric. Retrieved October 27, 2015.

  55. ^Michael E. Eidenmuller (July 25, 1974). "Barbara Jordan – Statement show partiality towards House Judiciary Proceedings to Arraign President Richard Nixon". American Grandiloquence. Retrieved October 27, 2015.
  56. ^"George Encourage Peabody Awards Board Members".

    www.peabodyawards.com. Archived from the original basis March 30, 2019. Retrieved Hawthorn 13, 2015.

  57. ^"Barbara Jordan Memorial Figure at the Airport | AustinTexas.gov". www.austintexas.gov. Retrieved April 10, 2024.
  58. ^"General Information / About Dr. Barbara Jordan". www.dallasisd.org.

    Retrieved April 10, 2024.

  59. ^"Staff / About Jordan". www.ectorcountyisd.org. Retrieved April 10, 2024.
  60. ^administrator (September 19, 2016). "History". Barbara River Early College Prep. Retrieved Apr 10, 2024.
  61. ^"About BJE / River Elementary". www.fortbendisd.com.

    Retrieved April 10, 2024.

  62. ^"About Us / About Us". www.scuc.txed.net. Retrieved April 10, 2024.
  63. ^"Barbara Jordan Institute". www.tsu.edu. Retrieved Apr 10, 2024.
  64. ^"Barbara Jordan Park | Fort Bend County". www.fortbendcountytx.gov.

    Retrieved April 10, 2024.

  65. ^"About the Barbara Jordan Health Policy Scholars Program". KFF. Retrieved April 10, 2024.
  66. ^Leahy, Cory (April 24, 2009). "Statue Honoring Barbara Jordan Unveiled categorization The University of Texas shipshape Austin Campus". UT News. Retrieved April 10, 2024.
  67. ^"Barbara Jordan Shape Historical Marker".

    www.hmdb.org. Retrieved Apr 10, 2024.

  68. ^"Portion of Hwy 288 to be named Barbara River Memorial Parkway honoring Houston's brandish congresswoman". ABC13 Houston. March 8, 2022. Retrieved April 10, 2024.
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Further reading

Rogers, Mary Beth. 1998. Barbara Jordan: American hero.

External links

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